Exhibit 632 ยท Agency report
More and Better Choices for Farmers: Promoting Fair Competition and Innovation in Seeds and Other Agricultural Inputs
Today, the top four (Bayer, Corteva, ChemChina and BASF) own 97% of canola, 95% of corn, 84% of soybean, 51% of wheat, and 74% of cotton IP.
Biden-administration report. Executive summary (p. 3) says "business developments arising from multiple decades of mergers and acquisitions have led to an increasingly consolidated marketplace," and records that "Many commenters agreed that a system that fairly protects IP is critical to continued innovation and investment in seed systems" (p. 4). Its own analysis (p. 42; Appendix B) counts plant variety protection certificates and patents mentioning crop names in the title or abstract from 1970 to 2022. For corn, the top four owned 41 percent in 1990 and 77 percent in 2000.
- Source
- USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (with USPTO), report under Executive Order 14036
- Date
- March 2023
- Quoted from
- p. 42 of 86
- Grade
- Primary record
- Document
- https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/SeedsReport.pdf
- Accessed
- 2026-11-09
- Cited by
- Findings citing this exhibit