Exhibit 566 ยท Peer-reviewed study
Randomized Controlled-Feeding Study of Dietary Emulsifier Carboxymethylcellulose Reveals Detrimental Impacts on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome (Gastroenterology 162:743-756)
Relative to control subjects, CMC consumption modestly increased postprandial abdominal discomfort and perturbed gut microbiota composition in a way that reduced its diversity.
Double-blind controlled-feeding study of 16 healthy adults for 11 days: 9 ate an emulsifier-free diet and 7 the same diet with 15 g per day of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). CMC lowered gut microbiota diversity, changed the fecal metabolome and modestly increased abdominal discomfort; 2 of 7 CMC subjects showed bacteria in the normally sterile inner mucus layer. The study reports no disease outcome. Funded by NIH and the Max Planck Society, among others.
- Source
- Chassaing B, Compher C, Bonhomme B, et al. (Penn State; University of Pennsylvania; INSERM/Universite Paris Cite; others)
- Date
- November 2021 (online); March 2022 (print)
- Quoted from
- Abstract, Results
- Grade
- Peer-reviewed
- Document
- https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.006
- Accessed
- 2026-11-09
- Cited by
- Findings citing this exhibit
- Note
- Timewar's lead cites this as 160(7), 2021; the print citation is 162(3):743-756 (2022). The authors' background states: 'Despite lack of extensive safety testing, CMC was approved in the 1960s for use in foods at concentrations up to 2% (wt/wt) by regulatory agencies, including the US Food and Drug Administration and European Commission based on the GRAS (generally regarded as safe) designation developed by these agencies.' Read in PMC9639366.