Exhibit 026

Medical Education in the United States and Canada (Bulletin Number Four)

Exhibit 026 · Foundation report

Medical Education in the United States and Canada (Bulletin Number Four)

A well-taught negro sanitarian will be immensely useful; an essentially untrained negro wearing an M.D. degree is dangerous.

Flexner's survey of the 155 medical schools of the United States and Canada. It recommends reducing them to 31 (p. 154). It judges five of the seven medical schools for Black students "ineffectual" and names only Howard and Meharry as "worth developing" (pp. 180–181). It says women "show a decreasing inclination" to enter medicine and recommends coeducational schools over separate schools for women (pp. 178–179). Pritchett's introduction, dated 16 April 1910, thanks Simon Flexner "of the Rockefeller Institute," Arthur D. Bevan as chairman of the AMA council, and the council's secretary, N. P. Colwell (p. xvii).

Source: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (Abraham Flexner)
Date: 1910
Quoted from: Chapter XIV, "The Medical Education of the Negro," p. 180
Grade: Primary record
Document: https://archive.org/details/medicaleducation04flexuoft
Accessed: 2026-11-09
Cited by: Findings citing this exhibit

Cited by

Finding MED-1.2: Primary record The AMA's Council on Medical Education started the Flexner study. The Carnegie Foundation paid for it and published it.
Finding MED-1.9: Peer-reviewed Five of the seven Black medical schools closed after the reform, and women remained under 5 percent of medical graduates until the Second World War.