The Lacuna Project

lacuna (n.) a gap in a record where something should be

Independent research. Not affiliated with any government, agency, or company.

Data

Revolving-door ledger

13 documented moves between public and private roles. A move shows where a person worked; it does not show why.

People, positions and sources
PersonPositionsExhibits
Bill Archer
  1. Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (Republican, Texas), U.S. Congress (1971 – 2001)
  2. Registered lobbyist for the Homeland Investment Coalition, filed by PricewaterhouseCoopers (LD-2 covered position 'HOUSE MEMBER'), Homeland Investment Coalition (2003-02 – 2005)

House service dates are from secondary sources (Biographical Directory ID A000215 not read). Lobbyist listing runs through the 2005 year-end report.

Exhibit 677
Courtney Knupp
  1. Senior policy adviser to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary; chief-of-staff roles, U.S. Department of Agriculture (earlier – present)
  2. Director of global supply chain, National Security Council (earlier – 2026-09)
  3. Chief executive, United Soybean Board (2026-10-01 – present)

United Soybean Board is the soybean checkoff overseen by USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service; Knupp recused herself from soybean matters before leaving federal service.

Exhibit 131
David C. Kaslow
  1. Vice president, vaccines and infectious disease, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck (earlier – 2012)
  2. Chief scientific officer, PATH (2012 – 2022)
  3. Director, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2022-10-11 – present)
Exhibit 130
Ellen M. Pawlikowski
  1. Commander, U.S. Air Force Materiel Command, U.S. Department of Defense (earlier – 2018-09-01)
  2. Director (elected 6 Sep 2018), Raytheon (Raytheon Company, Raytheon Technologies, RTX) (2018-09-06 – present)

Five days between retirement and board election.

Exhibit 370
Greg Becker (CEO, Silicon Valley Bank; Class A director, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, from 2019)
  1. President and CEO, SVB Financial Group; CEO, Silicon Valley Bank, Silicon Valley Bank and SVB Financial Group (earlier – present)
  2. Class A director elected by banks in Group One, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (2019-01-01 – present)

Second term scheduled to end 31 December 2024; the date he left the board is not verified.

Exhibit 812, Exhibit 813, Exhibit 814
James N. Mattis
  1. Retired from the U.S. Marine Corps, May 2013, U.S. Department of Defense (earlier – 2013-05)
  2. Director, General Dynamics (2013-08-07 – 2017)
  3. Secretary of Defense (ethics agreement 5 Jan 2017: resign from General Dynamics on confirmation; one-year recusal), U.S. Department of Defense (2017 – 2019-01-01)
  4. Director (re-elected), General Dynamics (2019-08-07 – present)

Resignation date from GD board not stated in the 8-K read; confirmation date not read. Departure from DoD 1 Jan 2019 is from the DoD IG report.

Exhibit 366, Exhibit 367, Exhibit 361, Exhibit 356, Exhibit 368
Jamie Dimon (chairman and CEO, JPMorgan Chase; Class A director, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, from 2007)
  1. Chairman, president and chief executive officer, JPMorgan Chase & Co. (2006-01 – present)
  2. Class A director elected by member banks, Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2007-01 – 2012-12)

End date is the term end stated in the 2010 release; the actual departure date is not verified.

Exhibit 789, Exhibit 790
Lloyd J. Austin III
  1. Retired from the U.S. Army, May 2016; former Commander, U.S. Central Command (per United Technologies release), U.S. Department of Defense (earlier – 2016-05)
  2. Director, United Technologies, then Raytheon Technologies, Raytheon (Raytheon Company, Raytheon Technologies, RTX) (2016-09-01 – 2021-01-22)
  3. Secretary of Defense (four-year Raytheon recusal stated in screening memo of 6 May 2021), U.S. Department of Defense (2021-01-22 – present)

Board seat at Raytheon Technologies is the successor of UTC's board after the April 2020 merger; not separately documented in the sources read.

Exhibit 364, Exhibit 365, Exhibit 363
Mark T. Esper
  1. Raytheon Company position (title not read in a primary document; resigned upon confirmation per ethics agreement of 26 Jul 2017), Raytheon (Raytheon Company, Raytheon Technologies, RTX) (earlier – 2017)
  2. Nominee for Secretary of the Army (ethics agreement 26 Jul 2017); later Secretary of the Army and Secretary of Defense, U.S. Department of Defense (2017 – present)

Raytheon start year, the title of his Raytheon position and Senate vote dates were not read in primary form.

Exhibit 360, Exhibit 359
Patrick M. Shanahan
  1. Various positions, last Senior Vice President for Supply Chain and Operations, Boeing (1986-03 – 2017-06)
  2. Deputy Secretary of Defense (confirmed 18 Jul 2017; began 19 Jul 2017); Acting Secretary from 1 Jan 2019, U.S. Department of Defense (2017-07-19 – present)

End date of acting service not read. Recusal from Boeing matters for the duration of DoD service per ethics agreement.

Exhibit 356
Robert O. Work
  1. Deputy Secretary of Defense, U.S. Department of Defense (2014 – 2017-07)
  2. Director (elected 14 Aug 2017; Audit, Public Affairs, Special Activities committees), Raytheon (Raytheon Company, Raytheon Technologies, RTX) (2017-08-14 – present)
Exhibit 369
Stephen Friedman (Class C director and chairman, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, to 7 May 2009)
  1. Purchased Goldman Sachs shares in December 2008 and January 2009 (New York Fed general counsel's statement), Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (2008-12 – 2009-01)
  2. Class C director and chairman of the board, Federal Reserve Bank of New York (earlier – 2009-05-07)

The Fed documents state a waiver and share purchases; a Goldman directorship was reported in the press but is not stated in the two Fed documents. Replace with the Board waiver letter or the New York Fed chair designation if found.

Exhibit 788, Exhibit 787
William J. Lynn III
  1. Senior Vice President, Government Operations and Strategy; registered lobbyist through first quarter 2008, Raytheon (Raytheon Company, Raytheon Technologies, RTX) (earlier – 2008)
  2. Deputy Secretary of Defense (nominee; letter to SASC 30 Jan 2009), U.S. Department of Defense (2009 – present)

Service dates at Raytheon before 2008 and Deputy Secretary confirmation date not read. Lynn pledged not to seek authorization on six programs he had lobbied.

Exhibit 362